Overview: This article is based on the working principle of CNC machine tools and technical requirements to introduce the application of Huayuan G1 series inverter to CNC machine tools. With low frequency, large torque, high steady speed precision, rapid dynamic response, high performance of acceleration and deceleration, Huayuan G1 series inverter can better meet the requirements of CNC machine tools.
1. Working principle of CNC machine tool
CNC machine tool is a typical product of mechatronics, which is an automatic equipment composed of machine tool, computer, motor and drive, automatic control and detection.
Overview: This article is based on the working principle of CNC machine tools and technical requirements to introduce the application of Huayuan G1 series inverter to CNC machine tools. With low frequency, large torque, high steady speed precision, rapid dynamic response, high performance of acceleration and deceleration, Huayuan G1 series inverter can better meet the requirements of CNC machine tools.
1. Working principle of CNC machine tool
CNC machine tool is a typical product of mechatronics, which is an automatic equipment composed of machine tool, computer, motor and drive, automatic control and detection.
Picture 1 Typical working principle of CNC machine tool
Spindle motor transmits power to the headstock through pulley, the chuck is on the spindle, and the component is fixed by the chuck. The spindle will rotate with a certain speed according to the current technical requirements of component, the cutter cut components according to technical requirement (move in the direction of X axis, Z axis).
Picture 1 is typical working principle of CNC machine tool.
2. CNC machine tool’s demand on spindle
Spindle movement as one of the important part of CNC machine tool, is mainly for cutting. The basic control is the positive and negative rotation of the spindle, to shift automatically and change speed infinitely. To meet CNC machines tool’s requirement on spindle drive, generally we use AC inverter to drive the spindle motor. ( 1 ) Wide range of speed regulation, 0-150 Hz ( 2 ) Stable rotational speed, speed fluctuation should be small when imbalanced load ( 3 ) Short time of acceleration and deceleration,0.5~3s ( 4 ) Low frequency, large torque, meet the requirements of rough machining ( 5 ) Strong overload capacity ( 6 ) Low noise and low vibration ( 7 ) High protection level As the updating process and upgrading requirements, the spindle’s development will require high rotational speed, high precision, high stability, and with GPS function in the future.3. Application of G1 series inverter to CNC machine toolThe solution uses G1 series general vector inverter to drive spindle motor of CNC machine tool, open-loop vector control mode(SVC);analog (0~10V)given frequency, turn on/off controlled by external terminal, fault signal output. For rapid deceleration and shut down, the inverter must be equipped with suitable braking resistor.
System wiring diagram:
Picture 1 Typical working principle of CNC machine tool
Spindle motor transmits power to the headstock through pulley, the chuck is on the spindle, and the component is fixed by the chuck. The spindle will rotate with a certain speed according to the current technical requirements of component, the cutter cut components according to technical requirement (move in the direction of X axis, Z axis).
Picture 1 is typical working principle of CNC machine tool.
2. CNC machine tool’s demand on spindle
Spindle movement as one of the important part of CNC machine tool, is mainly for cutting. The basic control is the positive and negative rotation of the spindle, to shift automatically and change speed infinitely. To meet CNC machines tool’s requirement on spindle drive, generally we use AC inverter to drive the spindle motor. ( 1 ) Wide range of speed regulation, 0-150 Hz ( 2 ) Stable rotational speed, speed fluctuation should be small when imbalanced load ( 3 ) Short time of acceleration and deceleration,0.5~3s ( 4 ) Low frequency, large torque, meet the requirements of rough machining ( 5 ) Strong overload capacity ( 6 ) Low noise and low vibration ( 7 ) High protection level As the updating process and upgrading requirements, the spindle’s development will require high rotational speed, high precision, high stability, and with GPS function in the future.3. Application of G1 series inverter to CNC machine toolThe solution uses G1 series general vector inverter to drive spindle motor of CNC machine tool, open-loop vector control mode(SVC);analog (0~10V)given frequency, turn on/off controlled by external terminal, fault signal output. For rapid deceleration and shut down, the inverter must be equipped with suitable braking resistor.
System wiring diagram:
The parameters are set as follows:
| Function Parameters | Setting value | Comments |
| P00.00 | 1 | Open-loop vector control(SVC) |
| P00.01 | 1 | External terminal start and stop |
| P00.02 | 3 | Analog (0~10V)speed regulation |
| P00.10 | 100 | The maximum frequency |
| P00.12 | 100 | The upper frequency limit |
| P00.17 | 1.0 | Acceleration time |
| P00.18 | 1.0 | Deceleration time |
| P02.01 | 5.5 | Motor rated power |
| P02.02 | 380 | Motor rated voltage |
| P02.03 | 12.1 | Motor rated current |
| P02.04 | 33.3 | Motor rated frequency |
| P02.05 | 972 | Motor rated rotate speed |
| P05.01 | 2 | Reverse |
4. Field data analysis
According to customer’s requirement, compared Huayuan inverter’s performance with other brands, the results as below:
| Contrast item | G1 inverter | Another brand inverter | Comments |
| Cutter size | Single side5 mm | Single side5 mm | 45#steel, 800 r/min rough machining, G1 with a better fineness |
| Acceleration/deceleration time | Acceleration1.2 s, deceleration1.2s | Acceleration/deceleration above 1.5 s | Setting value is 1.0 s for 100 Hz acceleration/ deceleration time |
| Steady speed precision | 798 ~802 r/min | 795~804r/min | Setting value:800 r/min |
| Speed overshoot | 750 r/min | 680 r/min | Speed is 800 r/min/hour, if suddenly load, the speed drops. |
After the entire test comparison, Huayuan G1 series general vector inverter has better overall performance; stronger torque, more rapid dynamic response, higher steady speed precision.
5. Conclusion
Based on long-standing customer feedback, G1 series inverter operates reliably and steadily, completely meets the technical requirements on CNC machine tool, which is widely recognized by customers.
The parameters are set as follows:
| Function Parameters | Setting value | Comments |
| P00.00 | 1 | Open-loop vector control(SVC) |
| P00.01 | 1 | External terminal start and stop |
| P00.02 | 3 | Analog (0~10V)speed regulation |
| P00.10 | 100 | The maximum frequency |
| P00.12 | 100 | The upper frequency limit |
| P00.17 | 1.0 | Acceleration time |
| P00.18 | 1.0 | Deceleration time |
| P02.01 | 5.5 | Motor rated power |
| P02.02 | 380 | Motor rated voltage |
| P02.03 | 12.1 | Motor rated current |
| P02.04 | 33.3 | Motor rated frequency |
| P02.05 | 972 | Motor rated rotate speed |
| P05.01 | 2 | Reverse |
4. Field data analysis
According to customer’s requirement, compared Huayuan inverter’s performance with other brands, the results as below:
| Contrast item | G1 inverter | Another brand inverter | Comments |
| Cutter size | Single side5 mm | Single side5 mm | 45#steel, 800 r/min rough machining, G1 with a better fineness |
| Acceleration/deceleration time | Acceleration1.2 s, deceleration1.2s | Acceleration/deceleration above 1.5 s | Setting value is 1.0 s for 100 Hz acceleration/ deceleration time |
| Steady speed precision | 798 ~802 r/min | 795~804r/min | Setting value:800 r/min |
| Speed overshoot | 750 r/min | 680 r/min | Speed is 800 r/min/hour, if suddenly load, the speed drops. |
After the entire test comparison, Huayuan G1 series general vector inverter has better overall performance; stronger torque, more rapid dynamic response, higher steady speed precision.
5. Conclusion
Based on long-standing customer feedback, G1 series inverter operates reliably and steadily, completely meets the technical requirements on CNC machine tool, which is widely recognized by customers.